Discussion on household energy storage in Almaty Kazakhstan

In 2018, the residential sector was responsible for 30% of Kazakhstan's total final energy consumption – the second-largest consumer after industry (IEA, 2020). On average, buildings in Kazakhstan consume two to three times more energy per surface area than those in northern parts of Western Europe (UNDP, 2013).

Some of the force is guarding government facilities in the capital, Nur-Sultan, which "made it possible to release part of the forces of Kazakhstani law enforcement agencies and redeploy them to Almaty to participate in the counter-terrorist operation," according to a statement from Tokayev's office.

The purpose of this roadmap is to help Kazakhstan formulate a policy framework and conditions to enable a household energy-use transition. It is intended to support and guide key government authorities as well as other stakeholders.

Although Kazakhstan has enlarged gas network access in some of its regions in recent years, network gas is still unavailable in many areas. Carefully targeted and co‑ordinated policy actions that focus on rural and remote areas could certainly speed Kazakhstan's energy transition.

Carefully targeted and co‑ordinated policy actions that focus on rural and remote areas could certainly speed Kazakhstan's energy transition. This study's primary aim is to explore ways to reduce heating-related residential sector emissions using a scenario analysis approach as the basis of a roadmap for Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan has rich coal resources that, at the current level of production (~100 million tonnes per year [Mt/y]), should last more than 200 years. While coal is used widely for large-scale power and heat generation (through co‑generation and HOBs), it also serves small-scale household purposes.